// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
// Licensed under the MIT License.

use std::{
    ptr::NonNull,
    sync::{Arc, RwLock},
};

use pyo3::{
    IntoPyObjectExt,
    exceptions::{PyException, PyKeyError, PyRuntimeError, PyTypeError, PyValueError},
    prelude::*,
    types::{PyBool, PyDict, PyFloat, PyInt, PyString, PyTuple, PyType},
};
use qre::TraceTransform;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

pub(crate) fn register_qre_submodule(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
    m.add_class::<ISA>()?;
    m.add_class::<ISARequirements>()?;
    m.add_class::<Instruction>()?;
    m.add_class::<Constraint>()?;
    m.add_class::<IntFunction>()?;
    m.add_class::<FloatFunction>()?;
    m.add_class::<ConstraintBound>()?;
    m.add_class::<ProvenanceGraph>()?;
    m.add_class::<Trace>()?;
    m.add_class::<Block>()?;
    m.add_class::<PSSPC>()?;
    m.add_class::<LatticeSurgery>()?;
    m.add_class::<EstimationResult>()?;
    m.add_class::<EstimationCollection>()?;
    m.add_class::<FactoryResult>()?;
    m.add_class::<InstructionFrontier>()?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(constant_function, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(linear_function, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(block_linear_function, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(generic_function, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(estimate_parallel, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(estimate_with_graph, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(binom_ppf, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(float_to_bits, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(float_from_bits, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(instruction_name, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(property_name_to_key, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(property_name, m)?)?;

    m.add("EstimationError", m.py().get_type::<EstimationError>())?;

    add_instruction_ids(m)?;
    add_property_keys(m)?;

    Ok(())
}

pyo3::create_exception!(qsharp.qre, EstimationError, PyException);

fn poisoned_lock_err<T>(_: std::sync::PoisonError<T>) -> PyErr {
    PyRuntimeError::new_err("provenance graph lock poisoned")
}

#[allow(clippy::upper_case_acronyms)]
#[pyclass]
pub struct ISA(qre::ISA);

impl ISA {
    pub fn inner(&self) -> &qre::ISA {
        &self.0
    }
}

#[pymethods]
impl ISA {
    pub fn __add__(&self, other: &ISA) -> PyResult<ISA> {
        Ok(ISA(self.0.clone() + other.0.clone()))
    }

    pub fn __contains__(&self, id: u64) -> bool {
        self.0.contains(&id)
    }

    pub fn satisfies(&self, requirements: &ISARequirements) -> PyResult<bool> {
        Ok(self.0.satisfies(&requirements.0))
    }

    pub fn __len__(&self) -> usize {
        self.0.len()
    }

    pub fn __getitem__(&self, id: u64) -> PyResult<Instruction> {
        match self.0.get(&id) {
            Some(instr) => Ok(Instruction(instr)),
            None => Err(PyKeyError::new_err(format!(
                "Instruction with id {id} not found"
            ))),
        }
    }

    #[pyo3(signature = (id, default=None))]
    pub fn get(&self, id: u64, default: Option<&Instruction>) -> Option<Instruction> {
        match self.0.get(&id) {
            Some(instr) => Some(Instruction(instr)),
            None => default.cloned(),
        }
    }

    /// Returns the provenance graph node index for the given instruction ID.
    pub fn node_index(&self, id: u64) -> Option<usize> {
        self.0.node_index(&id)
    }

    /// Adds a node (by instruction ID and node index) that already exists in the graph.
    pub fn add_node(&mut self, instruction_id: u64, node_index: usize) {
        self.0.add_node(instruction_id, node_index);
    }

    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
    pub fn __iter__(slf: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyResult<Py<ISAIterator>> {
        let instructions = slf.0.instructions();
        let iter = ISAIterator {
            iter: instructions.into_iter(),
        };
        Py::new(slf.py(), iter)
    }

    fn __str__(&self) -> String {
        format!("{}", self.0)
    }
}

#[pyclass]
pub struct ISAIterator {
    iter: std::vec::IntoIter<qre::Instruction>,
}

#[pymethods]
impl ISAIterator {
    fn __iter__(slf: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyRef<'_, Self> {
        slf
    }

    fn __next__(mut slf: PyRefMut<'_, Self>) -> Option<Instruction> {
        slf.iter.next().map(Instruction)
    }
}

#[pyclass]
pub struct ISARequirements(qre::ISARequirements);

#[pymethods]
impl ISARequirements {
    #[new]
    #[pyo3(signature = (*constraints))]
    pub fn new(constraints: &Bound<'_, PyTuple>) -> PyResult<ISARequirements> {
        if constraints.len() == 1 {
            let item = constraints.get_item(0)?;
            if let Ok(seq) = item.cast::<pyo3::types::PyList>() {
                let mut instrs = Vec::with_capacity(seq.len());
                for item in seq.iter() {
                    let instr = item.cast_into::<Constraint>()?;
                    instrs.push(instr.borrow().0.clone());
                }
                return Ok(ISARequirements(instrs.into_iter().collect()));
            }
        }

        constraints
            .into_iter()
            .map(|instr| {
                let instr = instr.cast_into::<Constraint>()?;
                Ok(instr.borrow().0.clone())
            })
            .collect::<PyResult<qre::ISARequirements>>()
            .map(ISARequirements)
    }

    pub fn __len__(&self) -> usize {
        self.0.len()
    }

    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
    pub fn __iter__(slf: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyResult<Py<ISARequirementsIterator>> {
        let constraints: Vec<qre::InstructionConstraint> = slf.0.constraints();
        let iter = ISARequirementsIterator {
            iter: constraints.into_iter(),
        };
        Py::new(slf.py(), iter)
    }
}

#[pyclass]
pub struct ISARequirementsIterator {
    iter: std::vec::IntoIter<qre::InstructionConstraint>,
}

#[pymethods]
impl ISARequirementsIterator {
    fn __iter__(slf: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyRef<'_, Self> {
        slf
    }

    fn __next__(mut slf: PyRefMut<'_, Self>) -> Option<Constraint> {
        slf.iter.next().map(Constraint)
    }
}

#[allow(clippy::unsafe_derive_deserialize)]
#[pyclass(from_py_object)]
#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
#[serde(transparent)]
pub struct Instruction(qre::Instruction);

#[pymethods]
impl Instruction {
    #[staticmethod]
    pub fn fixed_arity(
        id: u64,
        encoding: u64,
        arity: u64,
        time: u64,
        space: Option<u64>,
        length: Option<u64>,
        error_rate: f64,
    ) -> PyResult<Instruction> {
        Ok(Instruction(qre::Instruction::fixed_arity(
            id,
            convert_encoding(encoding)?,
            arity,
            time,
            space,
            length,
            error_rate,
        )))
    }

    #[staticmethod]
    pub fn variable_arity(
        id: u64,
        encoding: u64,
        time_fn: &IntFunction,
        space_fn: &IntFunction,
        error_rate_fn: &FloatFunction,
        length_fn: Option<&IntFunction>,
    ) -> PyResult<Instruction> {
        Ok(Instruction(qre::Instruction::variable_arity(
            id,
            convert_encoding(encoding)?,
            time_fn.0.clone(),
            space_fn.0.clone(),
            length_fn.map(|f| f.0.clone()),
            error_rate_fn.0.clone(),
        )))
    }

    pub fn with_id(&self, id: u64) -> Self {
        Instruction(self.0.with_id(id))
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn id(&self) -> u64 {
        self.0.id()
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn encoding(&self) -> u64 {
        match self.0.encoding() {
            qre::Encoding::Physical => 0,
            qre::Encoding::Logical => 1,
        }
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn arity(&self) -> Option<u64> {
        self.0.arity()
    }

    #[pyo3(signature = (arity=None))]
    pub fn space(&self, arity: Option<u64>) -> Option<u64> {
        self.0.space(arity)
    }

    #[pyo3(signature = (arity=None))]
    pub fn time(&self, arity: Option<u64>) -> Option<u64> {
        self.0.time(arity)
    }

    #[pyo3(signature = (arity=None))]
    pub fn error_rate(&self, arity: Option<u64>) -> Option<f64> {
        self.0.error_rate(arity)
    }

    #[pyo3(signature = (arity=None))]
    pub fn expect_space(&self, arity: Option<u64>) -> PyResult<u64> {
        Ok(self.0.expect_space(arity))
    }

    #[pyo3(signature = (arity=None))]
    pub fn expect_time(&self, arity: Option<u64>) -> PyResult<u64> {
        Ok(self.0.expect_time(arity))
    }

    #[pyo3(signature = (arity=None))]
    pub fn expect_error_rate(&self, arity: Option<u64>) -> PyResult<f64> {
        Ok(self.0.expect_error_rate(arity))
    }

    pub fn set_source(&mut self, index: usize) {
        self.0.set_source(index);
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn source(&self) -> usize {
        self.0.source()
    }

    pub fn set_property(&mut self, key: u64, value: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> PyResult<()> {
        self.0.set_property(key, py_property_to_qre(value)?);
        Ok(())
    }

    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
    pub fn get_property(self_: PyRef<'_, Self>, key: u64) -> PyResult<Option<Bound<'_, PyAny>>> {
        self_
            .0
            .get_property(&key)
            .map(|value| qre_property_to_py(self_.py(), value))
            .transpose()
    }

    pub fn has_property(&self, key: u64) -> bool {
        self.0.has_property(&key)
    }

    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
    #[pyo3(signature = (key, default))]
    pub fn get_property_or<'py>(
        self_: PyRef<'py, Self>,
        key: u64,
        default: &Bound<'py, PyAny>,
    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyAny>> {
        if let Some(value) = self_.0.get_property(&key) {
            qre_property_to_py(self_.py(), value)
        } else {
            Ok(default.clone())
        }
    }

    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
    pub fn __getitem__(self_: PyRef<'_, Self>, key: u64) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
        match self_.0.get_property(&key) {
            Some(value) => qre_property_to_py(self_.py(), value),
            None => Err(PyKeyError::new_err(format!(
                "Property with key {key} not found"
            ))),
        }
    }

    fn __str__(&self) -> String {
        format!("{}", self.0)
    }
}

impl qre::ParetoItem2D for Instruction {
    type Objective1 = u64;
    type Objective2 = u64;

    fn objective1(&self) -> Self::Objective1 {
        self.0
            .space(None)
            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.0.expect_space(Some(1)))
    }

    fn objective2(&self) -> Self::Objective2 {
        self.0
            .time(None)
            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.0.expect_time(Some(1)))
    }
}

impl qre::ParetoItem3D for Instruction {
    type Objective1 = u64;
    type Objective2 = u64;
    type Objective3 = f64;

    fn objective1(&self) -> Self::Objective1 {
        self.0
            .space(None)
            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.0.expect_space(Some(1)))
    }

    fn objective2(&self) -> Self::Objective2 {
        self.0
            .time(None)
            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.0.expect_time(Some(1)))
    }

    fn objective3(&self) -> Self::Objective3 {
        self.0
            .error_rate(None)
            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.0.expect_error_rate(Some(1)))
    }
}

#[pyclass]
pub struct Constraint(qre::InstructionConstraint);

#[pymethods]
impl Constraint {
    #[new]
    pub fn new(
        id: u64,
        encoding: u64,
        arity: Option<u64>,
        error_rate: Option<&ConstraintBound>,
    ) -> PyResult<Self> {
        Ok(Constraint(qre::InstructionConstraint::new(
            id,
            convert_encoding(encoding)?,
            arity,
            error_rate.map(|error_rate| error_rate.0),
        )))
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn id(&self) -> u64 {
        self.0.id()
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn encoding(&self) -> u64 {
        match self.0.encoding() {
            qre::Encoding::Physical => 0,
            qre::Encoding::Logical => 1,
        }
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn arity(&self) -> Option<u64> {
        self.0.arity()
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn error_rate(&self) -> Option<ConstraintBound> {
        self.0.error_rate().copied().map(ConstraintBound)
    }

    pub fn add_property(&mut self, property: u64) {
        self.0.add_property(property);
    }

    pub fn add_property_bound(&mut self, property: u64, bound: &ConstraintBound) {
        self.0.add_property_bound(property, bound.0);
    }

    pub fn has_property(&self, property: u64) -> bool {
        self.0.has_property(&property)
    }
}

fn convert_encoding(encoding: u64) -> PyResult<qre::Encoding> {
    match encoding {
        0 => Ok(qre::Encoding::Physical),
        1 => Ok(qre::Encoding::Logical),
        _ => Err(EstimationError::new_err("Invalid encoding value")),
    }
}

fn py_property_to_qre(value: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> PyResult<qre::Property> {
    if value.is_instance_of::<pyo3::types::PyBool>() {
        Ok(qre::Property::new_bool(value.extract()?))
    } else if let Ok(i) = value.extract::<i64>() {
        Ok(qre::Property::new_int(i))
    } else if let Ok(f) = value.extract::<f64>() {
        Ok(qre::Property::new_float(f))
    } else {
        Ok(qre::Property::new_str(value.to_string()))
    }
}

fn qre_property_to_py<'py>(py: Python<'py>, value: &qre::Property) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyAny>> {
    match value {
        qre::Property::Bool(b) => PyBool::new(py, *b).into_bound_py_any(py),
        qre::Property::Int(i) => PyInt::new(py, *i).into_bound_py_any(py),
        qre::Property::Float(f) => PyFloat::new(py, *f).into_bound_py_any(py),
        qre::Property::Str(s) => PyString::new(py, s).into_bound_py_any(py),
    }
}

/// Build a `qre::Instruction` from either an existing `Instruction` Python
/// object or from keyword arguments (id + encoding + arity + …).
#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
fn build_instruction(
    id_or_instruction: &Bound<'_, PyAny>,
    encoding: u64,
    arity: Option<u64>,
    time: Option<&Bound<'_, PyAny>>,
    space: Option<&Bound<'_, PyAny>>,
    length: Option<&Bound<'_, PyAny>>,
    error_rate: Option<&Bound<'_, PyAny>>,
    kwargs: Option<&Bound<'_, PyDict>>,
) -> PyResult<qre::Instruction> {
    // If the first argument is already an Instruction, return its inner clone.
    if let Ok(instr) = id_or_instruction.cast::<Instruction>() {
        return Ok(instr.borrow().0.clone());
    }

    // Otherwise treat the first arg as an instruction ID (int).
    let id: u64 = id_or_instruction.extract()?;
    let enc = convert_encoding(encoding)?;

    let mut instr = if let Some(arity_val) = arity {
        // Fixed-arity path
        let time_val: u64 = time
            .ok_or_else(|| PyTypeError::new_err("'time' is required"))?
            .extract()?;
        let space_val: Option<u64> = space.map(PyAnyMethods::extract).transpose()?;
        let length_val: Option<u64> = length.map(PyAnyMethods::extract).transpose()?;
        let error_rate_val: f64 = error_rate
            .ok_or_else(|| PyTypeError::new_err("'error_rate' is required"))?
            .extract()?;
        qre::Instruction::fixed_arity(
            id,
            enc,
            arity_val,
            time_val,
            space_val,
            length_val,
            error_rate_val,
        )
    } else {
        // Variable-arity path: time/space/error_rate may be functions
        let time_fn =
            extract_int_function(time.ok_or_else(|| PyTypeError::new_err("'time' is required"))?)?;
        let space_fn = extract_int_function(
            space.ok_or_else(|| PyTypeError::new_err("'space' is required for variable arity"))?,
        )?;
        let length_fn = length.map(extract_int_function).transpose()?;
        let error_rate_fn = extract_float_function(
            error_rate.ok_or_else(|| PyTypeError::new_err("'error_rate' is required"))?,
        )?;
        qre::Instruction::variable_arity(id, enc, time_fn, space_fn, length_fn, error_rate_fn)
    };

    // Apply additional properties from kwargs
    if let Some(kw) = kwargs {
        for (key, value) in kw {
            let key_str: String = key.extract()?;
            let prop_key =
                qre::property_name_to_key(&key_str.to_ascii_uppercase()).ok_or_else(|| {
                    PyValueError::new_err(format!("Unknown property name: {key_str}"))
                })?;
            let prop_value = py_property_to_qre(&value)?;
            instr.set_property(prop_key, prop_value);
        }
    }

    Ok(instr)
}

/// Extract an `_IntFunction` or convert a plain int into a constant function.
fn extract_int_function(obj: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> PyResult<qre::VariableArityFunction<u64>> {
    if let Ok(f) = obj.cast::<IntFunction>() {
        return Ok(f.borrow().0.clone());
    }
    let val: u64 = obj.extract()?;
    Ok(qre::VariableArityFunction::constant(val))
}

/// Extract a `_FloatFunction` or convert a plain float into a constant function.
fn extract_float_function(obj: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> PyResult<qre::VariableArityFunction<f64>> {
    if let Ok(f) = obj.cast::<FloatFunction>() {
        return Ok(f.borrow().0.clone());
    }
    let val: f64 = obj.extract()?;
    Ok(qre::VariableArityFunction::constant(val))
}

#[pyclass]
pub struct ConstraintBound(qre::ConstraintBound<f64>);

#[pymethods]
impl ConstraintBound {
    #[staticmethod]
    pub fn lt(value: f64) -> ConstraintBound {
        ConstraintBound(qre::ConstraintBound::less_than(value))
    }

    #[staticmethod]
    pub fn le(value: f64) -> ConstraintBound {
        ConstraintBound(qre::ConstraintBound::less_equal(value))
    }

    #[staticmethod]
    pub fn eq(value: f64) -> ConstraintBound {
        ConstraintBound(qre::ConstraintBound::equal(value))
    }

    #[staticmethod]
    pub fn gt(value: f64) -> ConstraintBound {
        ConstraintBound(qre::ConstraintBound::greater_than(value))
    }

    #[staticmethod]
    pub fn ge(value: f64) -> ConstraintBound {
        ConstraintBound(qre::ConstraintBound::greater_equal(value))
    }
}

#[derive(Clone)]
#[pyclass(name = "_ProvenanceGraph", from_py_object)]
pub struct ProvenanceGraph(Arc<RwLock<qre::ProvenanceGraph>>);

impl Default for ProvenanceGraph {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self(Arc::new(RwLock::new(qre::ProvenanceGraph::new())))
    }
}

#[pymethods]
impl ProvenanceGraph {
    #[new]
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self::default()
    }

    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
    pub fn add_node(
        &mut self,
        instruction: &Instruction,
        transform: u64,
        children: Vec<usize>,
    ) -> PyResult<usize> {
        Ok(self.0.write().map_err(poisoned_lock_err)?.add_node(
            instruction.0.clone(),
            transform,
            &children,
        ))
    }

    pub fn instruction(&self, node_index: usize) -> PyResult<Instruction> {
        Ok(Instruction(
            self.0
                .read()
                .map_err(poisoned_lock_err)?
                .instruction(node_index)
                .clone(),
        ))
    }

    pub fn transform_id(&self, node_index: usize) -> PyResult<u64> {
        Ok(self
            .0
            .read()
            .map_err(poisoned_lock_err)?
            .transform_id(node_index))
    }

    pub fn children(&self, node_index: usize) -> PyResult<Vec<usize>> {
        Ok(self
            .0
            .read()
            .map_err(poisoned_lock_err)?
            .children(node_index)
            .to_vec())
    }

    pub fn num_nodes(&self) -> PyResult<usize> {
        Ok(self.0.read().map_err(poisoned_lock_err)?.num_nodes())
    }

    pub fn num_edges(&self) -> PyResult<usize> {
        Ok(self.0.read().map_err(poisoned_lock_err)?.num_edges())
    }

    /// Adds an instruction to the provenance graph with no transform or children.
    /// Accepts either a pre-existing Instruction or keyword args to create one.
    /// Returns the node index.
    #[pyo3(signature = (id_or_instruction, encoding=0, *, arity=Some(1), time=None, space=None, length=None, error_rate=None, **kwargs))]
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn add_instruction(
        &mut self,
        id_or_instruction: &Bound<'_, PyAny>,
        encoding: u64,
        arity: Option<u64>,
        time: Option<&Bound<'_, PyAny>>,
        space: Option<&Bound<'_, PyAny>>,
        length: Option<&Bound<'_, PyAny>>,
        error_rate: Option<&Bound<'_, PyAny>>,
        kwargs: Option<&Bound<'_, PyDict>>,
    ) -> PyResult<usize> {
        let instr = build_instruction(
            id_or_instruction,
            encoding,
            arity,
            time,
            space,
            length,
            error_rate,
            kwargs,
        )?;
        Ok(self
            .0
            .write()
            .map_err(poisoned_lock_err)?
            .add_node(instr, 0, &[]))
    }

    /// Creates an ISA backed by this provenance graph from the given node indices.
    pub fn make_isa(&self, node_indices: Vec<usize>) -> PyResult<ISA> {
        let graph = self.0.read().map_err(poisoned_lock_err)?;
        let mut isa = qre::ISA::with_graph(self.0.clone());
        for idx in node_indices {
            let id = graph.instruction(idx).id();
            isa.add_node(id, idx);
        }
        Ok(ISA(isa))
    }

    /// Builds the per-instruction-ID Pareto index.
    ///
    /// Must be called after all nodes have been added. For each instruction
    /// ID, retains only the Pareto-optimal nodes w.r.t. (space, time,
    /// error rate) evaluated at arity 1.
    pub fn build_pareto_index(&self) -> PyResult<()> {
        self.0
            .write()
            .map_err(poisoned_lock_err)?
            .build_pareto_index();
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Returns the raw node count (including the sentinel at index 0).
    pub fn raw_node_count(&self) -> PyResult<usize> {
        Ok(self.0.read().map_err(poisoned_lock_err)?.raw_node_count())
    }

    /// Computes an upper bound on the possible ISAs that can be formed from
    /// this graph.
    ///
    /// Must be called after `build_pareto_index`.
    pub fn total_isa_count(&self) -> PyResult<usize> {
        Ok(self.0.read().map_err(poisoned_lock_err)?.total_isa_count())
    }

    /// Returns ISAs formed from Pareto-optimal graph nodes satisfying the
    /// given requirements.
    ///
    /// For each constraint in `requirements`, selects matching Pareto-optimal
    /// nodes. Returns the Cartesian product of per-constraint matches,
    /// augmented with one representative node per unconstrained instruction
    /// ID.
    ///
    /// When ``min_node_idx`` is provided, only Pareto nodes at or above
    /// that index are considered for constrained groups (useful for scoping
    /// queries to a subset of the graph).
    ///
    /// Must be called after `build_pareto_index`.
    #[pyo3(signature = (requirements, min_node_idx=None))]
    pub fn query_satisfying(
        &self,
        requirements: &ISARequirements,
        min_node_idx: Option<usize>,
    ) -> PyResult<Vec<ISA>> {
        let graph = self.0.read().map_err(poisoned_lock_err)?;
        Ok(graph
            .query_satisfying(&self.0, &requirements.0, min_node_idx)
            .into_iter()
            .map(ISA)
            .collect())
    }
}

#[pyclass(name = "_IntFunction")]
pub struct IntFunction(qre::VariableArityFunction<u64>);

#[pyclass(name = "_FloatFunction")]
pub struct FloatFunction(qre::VariableArityFunction<f64>);

#[pymethods]
impl IntFunction {
    fn __call__(&self, arity: u64) -> u64 {
        self.0.evaluate(arity)
    }
}

#[pymethods]
impl FloatFunction {
    fn __call__(&self, arity: u64) -> f64 {
        self.0.evaluate(arity)
    }
}

#[pyfunction]
pub fn constant_function<'py>(value: &Bound<'py, PyAny>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyAny>> {
    if let Ok(v) = value.extract::<u64>() {
        IntFunction(qre::VariableArityFunction::Constant { value: v }).into_bound_py_any(value.py())
    } else if let Ok(v) = value.extract::<f64>() {
        FloatFunction(qre::VariableArityFunction::Constant { value: v })
            .into_bound_py_any(value.py())
    } else {
        Err(PyTypeError::new_err(
            "Value must be either an integer or a float",
        ))
    }
}

#[pyfunction]
pub fn linear_function<'py>(slope: &Bound<'py, PyAny>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyAny>> {
    if let Ok(s) = slope.extract::<u64>() {
        IntFunction(qre::VariableArityFunction::linear(s)).into_bound_py_any(slope.py())
    } else if let Ok(s) = slope.extract::<f64>() {
        FloatFunction(qre::VariableArityFunction::linear(s)).into_bound_py_any(slope.py())
    } else {
        Err(PyTypeError::new_err(
            "Slope must be either an integer or a float",
        ))
    }
}

#[pyfunction]
#[pyo3(signature = (block_size, slope, offset = None))]
pub fn block_linear_function<'py>(
    block_size: u64,
    slope: &Bound<'py, PyAny>,
    offset: Option<&Bound<'py, PyAny>>,
) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyAny>> {
    if let Ok(s) = slope.extract() {
        let offset = offset.map_or_else(|| Ok(0), PyAnyMethods::extract::<u64>)?;
        IntFunction(qre::VariableArityFunction::block_linear(
            block_size, s, offset,
        ))
        .into_bound_py_any(slope.py())
    } else if let Ok(s) = slope.extract::<f64>() {
        let offset = offset.map_or_else(|| Ok(0.0), PyAnyMethods::extract::<f64>)?;
        FloatFunction(qre::VariableArityFunction::block_linear(
            block_size, s, offset,
        ))
        .into_bound_py_any(slope.py())
    } else {
        Err(PyTypeError::new_err(
            "Slope must be either an integer or a float",
        ))
    }
}

#[pyfunction]
pub fn generic_function<'py>(
    py: Python<'py>,
    func: Bound<'py, PyAny>,
) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyAny>> {
    // Try to get return type annotation from the function
    let is_int = if let Ok(annotations) = func.getattr("__annotations__") {
        if let Ok(return_type) = annotations.get_item("return") {
            // Check if return type is float
            let float_type = py.get_type::<pyo3::types::PyInt>();
            return_type.eq(float_type).unwrap_or(false)
        } else {
            false
        }
    } else {
        false
    };

    let func: Py<PyAny> = func.unbind();

    if is_int {
        let closure = move |arity: u64| -> u64 {
            Python::attach(|py| {
                let result = func.call1(py, (arity,));
                match result {
                    Ok(value) => value.extract::<u64>(py).unwrap_or(0),
                    Err(_) => 0,
                }
            })
        };

        let arc: Arc<dyn Fn(u64) -> u64 + Send + Sync> = Arc::new(closure);
        IntFunction(qre::VariableArityFunction::generic_from_arc(arc)).into_bound_py_any(py)
    } else {
        let closure = move |arity: u64| -> f64 {
            Python::attach(|py| {
                let result = func.call1(py, (arity,));
                match result {
                    Ok(value) => value.extract::<f64>(py).unwrap_or(0.0),
                    Err(_) => 0.0,
                }
            })
        };

        let arc: Arc<dyn Fn(u64) -> f64 + Send + Sync> = Arc::new(closure);
        FloatFunction(qre::VariableArityFunction::generic_from_arc(arc)).into_bound_py_any(py)
    }
}

#[derive(Default)]
#[pyclass(name = "_EstimationCollection")]
pub struct EstimationCollection(qre::EstimationCollection);

#[pymethods]
impl EstimationCollection {
    #[new]
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self::default()
    }

    pub fn insert(&mut self, result: &EstimationResult) {
        self.0.insert(result.0.clone());
    }

    pub fn __len__(&self) -> usize {
        self.0.len()
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn total_jobs(&self) -> usize {
        self.0.total_jobs()
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn successful_estimates(&self) -> usize {
        self.0.successful_estimates()
    }

    /// Returns lightweight summaries of ALL successful estimates as a list
    /// of (trace index, isa index, qubits, runtime) tuples.
    #[getter]
    pub fn all_summaries(&self) -> Vec<(usize, usize, u64, u64)> {
        self.0
            .all_summaries()
            .iter()
            .map(|s| (s.trace_index, s.isa_index, s.qubits, s.runtime))
            .collect()
    }

    /// Returns the set of ISAs for which this collection contains successful
    /// estimates.
    #[getter]
    pub fn isas(&self) -> Vec<ISA> {
        self.0.isas().iter().cloned().map(ISA).collect()
    }

    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
    pub fn __iter__(slf: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyResult<Py<EstimationCollectionIterator>> {
        let iter = EstimationCollectionIterator {
            iter: slf.0.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>().into_iter(),
        };
        Py::new(slf.py(), iter)
    }
}

#[pyclass]
pub struct EstimationCollectionIterator {
    iter: std::vec::IntoIter<qre::EstimationResult>,
}

#[pymethods]
impl EstimationCollectionIterator {
    fn __iter__(slf: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyRef<'_, Self> {
        slf
    }

    fn __next__(mut slf: PyRefMut<'_, Self>) -> Option<EstimationResult> {
        slf.iter.next().map(EstimationResult)
    }
}

#[pyclass]
pub struct EstimationResult(qre::EstimationResult);

#[pymethods]
impl EstimationResult {
    #[new]
    #[pyo3(signature = (*, qubits = 0, runtime = 0, error = 0.0))]
    pub fn new(qubits: u64, runtime: u64, error: f64) -> Self {
        let mut result = qre::EstimationResult::new();
        result.add_qubits(qubits);
        result.add_runtime(runtime);
        result.add_error(error);

        EstimationResult(result)
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn qubits(&self) -> u64 {
        self.0.qubits()
    }

    #[setter]
    pub fn set_qubits(&mut self, qubits: u64) {
        self.0.set_qubits(qubits);
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn runtime(&self) -> u64 {
        self.0.runtime()
    }

    #[setter]
    pub fn set_runtime(&mut self, runtime: u64) {
        self.0.set_runtime(runtime);
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn error(&self) -> f64 {
        self.0.error()
    }

    #[setter]
    pub fn set_error(&mut self, error: f64) {
        self.0.set_error(error);
    }

    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
    #[getter]
    pub fn factories(self_: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyDict>> {
        let dict = PyDict::new(self_.py());

        for (id, factory) in self_.0.factories() {
            dict.set_item(id, FactoryResult(factory.clone()))?;
        }

        Ok(dict)
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn isa(&self) -> ISA {
        ISA(self.0.isa().clone())
    }

    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
    #[getter]
    pub fn properties(self_: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyDict>> {
        let dict = PyDict::new(self_.py());

        for (key, value) in self_.0.properties() {
            match value {
                qre::Property::Bool(b) => dict.set_item(key, *b)?,
                qre::Property::Int(i) => dict.set_item(key, *i)?,
                qre::Property::Float(f) => dict.set_item(key, *f)?,
                qre::Property::Str(s) => dict.set_item(key, s.clone())?,
            }
        }

        Ok(dict)
    }

    pub fn set_property(&mut self, key: u64, value: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> PyResult<()> {
        let property = if value.is_instance_of::<pyo3::types::PyBool>() {
            qre::Property::new_bool(value.extract()?)
        } else if let Ok(i) = value.extract::<i64>() {
            qre::Property::new_int(i)
        } else if let Ok(f) = value.extract::<f64>() {
            qre::Property::new_float(f)
        } else {
            qre::Property::new_str(value.to_string())
        };

        self.0.set_property(key, property);

        Ok(())
    }

    fn __str__(&self) -> String {
        format!("{}", self.0)
    }
}

#[pyclass]
pub struct FactoryResult(qre::FactoryResult);

#[pymethods]
impl FactoryResult {
    #[getter]
    pub fn copies(&self) -> u64 {
        self.0.copies()
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn runs(&self) -> u64 {
        self.0.runs()
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn states(&self) -> u64 {
        self.0.states()
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn error_rate(&self) -> f64 {
        self.0.error_rate()
    }
}

#[pyclass]
pub struct Trace(qre::Trace);

#[pymethods]
impl Trace {
    #[new]
    pub fn new(compute_qubits: u64) -> Self {
        Trace(qre::Trace::new(compute_qubits))
    }

    #[pyo3(signature = (compute_qubits = None))]
    pub fn clone_empty(&self, compute_qubits: Option<u64>) -> Self {
        Trace(self.0.clone_empty(compute_qubits))
    }

    #[classmethod]
    pub fn from_json(_cls: &Bound<'_, PyType>, json: &str) -> PyResult<Self> {
        let trace: qre::Trace = serde_json::from_str(json).map_err(|e| {
            EstimationError::new_err(format!("Failed to parse trace from JSON: {e}"))
        })?;

        Ok(Self(trace))
    }

    pub fn to_json(&self) -> PyResult<String> {
        serde_json::to_string(&self.0).map_err(|e| {
            EstimationError::new_err(format!("Failed to serialize trace to JSON: {e}"))
        })
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn compute_qubits(&self) -> u64 {
        self.0.compute_qubits()
    }

    #[setter]
    pub fn set_compute_qubits(&mut self, qubits: u64) {
        self.0.set_compute_qubits(qubits);
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn base_error(&self) -> f64 {
        self.0.base_error()
    }

    pub fn increment_base_error(&mut self, amount: f64) {
        self.0.increment_base_error(amount);
    }

    pub fn set_property(&mut self, key: u64, value: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> PyResult<()> {
        let property = if value.is_instance_of::<pyo3::types::PyBool>() {
            qre::Property::new_bool(value.extract()?)
        } else if let Ok(i) = value.extract::<i64>() {
            qre::Property::new_int(i)
        } else if let Ok(f) = value.extract::<f64>() {
            qre::Property::new_float(f)
        } else {
            qre::Property::new_str(value.to_string())
        };

        self.0.set_property(key, property);

        Ok(())
    }

    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
    pub fn get_property(self_: PyRef<'_, Self>, key: u64) -> Option<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
        if let Some(value) = self_.0.get_property(key) {
            match value {
                qre::Property::Bool(b) => PyBool::new(self_.py(), *b)
                    .into_bound_py_any(self_.py())
                    .ok(),
                qre::Property::Int(i) => PyInt::new(self_.py(), *i)
                    .into_bound_py_any(self_.py())
                    .ok(),
                qre::Property::Float(f) => PyFloat::new(self_.py(), *f)
                    .into_bound_py_any(self_.py())
                    .ok(),
                qre::Property::Str(s) => PyString::new(self_.py(), s)
                    .into_bound_py_any(self_.py())
                    .ok(),
            }
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    pub fn has_property(&self, key: u64) -> bool {
        self.0.has_property(key)
    }

    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
    #[getter]
    pub fn resource_states(self_: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyDict>> {
        let dict = PyDict::new(self_.py());
        if let Some(resource_states) = self_.0.get_resource_states() {
            for (resource_id, count) in resource_states {
                if *count != 0 {
                    dict.set_item(resource_id, *count)?;
                }
            }
        }
        Ok(dict)
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn total_qubits(&self) -> u64 {
        self.0.total_qubits()
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn depth(&self) -> u64 {
        self.0.depth()
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn num_gates(&self) -> u64 {
        self.0.num_gates()
    }

    #[pyo3(signature = (isa, max_error = None))]
    pub fn estimate(&self, isa: &ISA, max_error: Option<f64>) -> Option<EstimationResult> {
        self.0
            .estimate(&isa.0, max_error)
            .map(|mut r| {
                r.set_isa(isa.0.clone());
                EstimationResult(r)
            })
            .ok()
    }

    #[pyo3(signature = (id, qubits, params = vec![]))]
    pub fn add_operation(&mut self, id: u64, qubits: Vec<u64>, params: Vec<f64>) {
        self.0.add_operation(id, qubits, params);
    }

    pub fn root_block(mut slf: PyRefMut<'_, Self>) -> Block {
        let block = slf.0.root_block_mut();
        let ptr = NonNull::from(block);
        Block {
            ptr,
            parent: slf.into(),
        }
    }

    #[pyo3(signature = (repetitions = 1))]
    pub fn add_block(mut slf: PyRefMut<'_, Self>, repetitions: u64) -> Block {
        let block = slf.0.add_block(repetitions);
        let ptr = NonNull::from(block);
        Block {
            ptr,
            parent: slf.into(),
        }
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn memory_qubits(&self) -> Option<u64> {
        self.0.memory_qubits()
    }

    pub fn has_memory_qubits(&self) -> bool {
        self.0.has_memory_qubits()
    }

    #[setter]
    pub fn set_memory_qubits(&mut self, qubits: u64) {
        self.0.set_memory_qubits(qubits);
    }

    pub fn increment_memory_qubits(&mut self, amount: u64) {
        self.0.increment_memory_qubits(amount);
    }

    pub fn increment_resource_state(&mut self, resource_id: u64, amount: u64) {
        self.0.increment_resource_state(resource_id, amount);
    }

    fn __str__(&self) -> String {
        format!("{}", self.0)
    }

    #[getter]
    pub fn required_isa(&self) -> ISARequirements {
        ISARequirements(self.0.required_instruction_ids(None))
    }
}

#[pyclass(unsendable)]
pub struct Block {
    ptr: NonNull<qre::Block>,
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    parent: Py<Trace>,
}

#[pymethods]
impl Block {
    #[pyo3(signature = (id, qubits, params = vec![]))]
    pub fn add_operation(&mut self, id: u64, qubits: Vec<u64>, params: Vec<f64>) {
        unsafe { self.ptr.as_mut() }.add_operation(id, qubits, params);
    }

    #[pyo3(signature = (repetitions = 1))]
    pub fn add_block(&mut self, py: Python<'_>, repetitions: u64) -> PyResult<Block> {
        let block = unsafe { self.ptr.as_mut() }.add_block(repetitions);
        let ptr = NonNull::from(block);
        Ok(Block {
            ptr,
            parent: self.parent.clone_ref(py),
        })
    }

    fn __str__(&self) -> String {
        format!("{}", unsafe { self.ptr.as_ref() })
    }
}

#[allow(clippy::upper_case_acronyms)]
#[pyclass]
pub struct PSSPC(qre::PSSPC);

#[pymethods]
impl PSSPC {
    #[new]
    pub fn new(num_ts_per_rotation: u64, ccx_magic_states: bool) -> Self {
        PSSPC(qre::PSSPC::new(num_ts_per_rotation, ccx_magic_states))
    }

    pub fn transform(&self, trace: &Trace) -> PyResult<Trace> {
        self.0
            .transform(&trace.0)
            .map(Trace)
            .map_err(|e| EstimationError::new_err(format!("{e}")))
    }
}

#[derive(Default)]
#[pyclass]
pub struct LatticeSurgery(qre::LatticeSurgery);

#[pymethods]
impl LatticeSurgery {
    #[new]
    pub fn new(slow_down_factor: f64) -> Self {
        Self(qre::LatticeSurgery::new(slow_down_factor))
    }

    pub fn transform(&self, trace: &Trace) -> PyResult<Trace> {
        self.0
            .transform(&trace.0)
            .map(Trace)
            .map_err(|e| EstimationError::new_err(format!("{e}")))
    }
}

/// Dispatches a method call to the inner frontier variant, avoiding
/// repetitive match arms.  Use as:
///
/// ```ignore
/// dispatch_frontier!(self, f => f.len())
/// dispatch_frontier!(mut self, f => f.insert(point.clone()))
/// ```
macro_rules! dispatch_frontier {
    ($self:ident, $f:ident => $body:expr) => {
        match &$self.0 {
            InstructionFrontierInner::Frontier2D($f) => $body,
            InstructionFrontierInner::Frontier3D($f) => $body,
        }
    };
    (mut $self:ident, $f:ident => $body:expr) => {
        match &mut $self.0 {
            InstructionFrontierInner::Frontier2D($f) => $body,
            InstructionFrontierInner::Frontier3D($f) => $body,
        }
    };
}

#[derive(Clone)]
enum InstructionFrontierInner {
    Frontier2D(qre::ParetoFrontier2D<Instruction>),
    Frontier3D(qre::ParetoFrontier3D<Instruction>),
}

#[pyclass]
pub struct InstructionFrontier(InstructionFrontierInner);

impl Default for InstructionFrontier {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self(InstructionFrontierInner::Frontier3D(
            qre::ParetoFrontier3D::new(),
        ))
    }
}

#[pymethods]
impl InstructionFrontier {
    #[new]
    #[pyo3(signature = (*, with_error_objective = true))]
    pub fn new(with_error_objective: bool) -> Self {
        if with_error_objective {
            Self(InstructionFrontierInner::Frontier3D(
                qre::ParetoFrontier3D::new(),
            ))
        } else {
            Self(InstructionFrontierInner::Frontier2D(
                qre::ParetoFrontier2D::new(),
            ))
        }
    }

    pub fn insert(&mut self, point: &Instruction) {
        dispatch_frontier!(mut self, f => f.insert(point.clone()));
    }

    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
    pub fn extend(&mut self, points: Vec<PyRef<'_, Instruction>>) {
        dispatch_frontier!(mut self, f => f.extend(points.iter().map(|p| Instruction(p.0.clone()))));
    }

    pub fn __len__(&self) -> usize {
        dispatch_frontier!(self, f => f.len())
    }

    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
    pub fn __iter__(slf: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyResult<Py<InstructionFrontierIterator>> {
        let items: Vec<Instruction> = dispatch_frontier!(slf, f => f.iter().cloned().collect());
        Py::new(
            slf.py(),
            InstructionFrontierIterator {
                iter: items.into_iter(),
            },
        )
    }

    #[staticmethod]
    #[pyo3(signature = (filename, *, with_error_objective = true))]
    pub fn load(filename: &str, with_error_objective: bool) -> PyResult<Self> {
        let content = std::fs::read_to_string(filename)?;
        let err = |e: serde_json::Error| EstimationError::new_err(format!("{e}"));

        let inner = if with_error_objective {
            InstructionFrontierInner::Frontier3D(serde_json::from_str(&content).map_err(err)?)
        } else {
            InstructionFrontierInner::Frontier2D(serde_json::from_str(&content).map_err(err)?)
        };
        Ok(InstructionFrontier(inner))
    }

    pub fn dump(&self, filename: &str) -> PyResult<()> {
        let content = dispatch_frontier!(self, f =>
            serde_json::to_string(f).map_err(|e| EstimationError::new_err(format!("{e}")))?
        );
        Ok(std::fs::write(filename, content)?)
    }
}

#[pyclass]
pub struct InstructionFrontierIterator {
    iter: std::vec::IntoIter<Instruction>,
}

#[pymethods]
impl InstructionFrontierIterator {
    fn __iter__(slf: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyRef<'_, Self> {
        slf
    }

    fn __next__(mut slf: PyRefMut<'_, Self>) -> Option<Instruction> {
        slf.iter.next()
    }
}

#[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
#[pyfunction(name = "_estimate_parallel", signature = (traces, isas, max_error = 1.0, post_process = false))]
pub fn estimate_parallel(
    py: Python<'_>,
    traces: Vec<PyRef<'_, Trace>>,
    isas: Vec<PyRef<'_, ISA>>,
    max_error: f64,
    post_process: bool,
) -> EstimationCollection {
    let traces: Vec<_> = traces.iter().map(|t| &t.0).collect();
    let isas: Vec<_> = isas.iter().map(|i| &i.0).collect();

    // Release the GIL before entering the parallel section.
    // Worker threads spawned by qre::estimate_parallel may need to acquire
    // the GIL to evaluate Python callbacks (via generic_function closures).
    // If the calling thread holds the GIL while blocked in
    // std::thread::scope, the worker threads deadlock.
    let collection = release_gil(py, || {
        qre::estimate_parallel(&traces, &isas, Some(max_error), post_process)
    });
    EstimationCollection(collection)
}

#[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
#[pyfunction(name = "_estimate_with_graph", signature = (traces, graph, max_error = 1.0, post_process = false))]
pub fn estimate_with_graph(
    py: Python<'_>,
    traces: Vec<PyRef<'_, Trace>>,
    graph: &ProvenanceGraph,
    max_error: f64,
    post_process: bool,
) -> PyResult<EstimationCollection> {
    let traces: Vec<_> = traces.iter().map(|t| &t.0).collect();

    let collection = release_gil(py, || {
        qre::estimate_with_graph(&traces, &graph.0, Some(max_error), post_process)
    });
    Ok(EstimationCollection(collection))
}

/// Releases the GIL for the duration of the closure `f`, allowing other
/// threads to acquire it.  Delegates to `py.detach()` so that pyo3's internal
/// attach-count is properly reset; this ensures that any `Python::attach`
/// calls inside `f` (e.g. from `generic_function` callbacks) will correctly
/// call `PyGILState_Ensure` to re-acquire the GIL.
///
/// The caller must ensure that no `Bound<'_, _>` or `Python<'_>` references
/// are used inside `f`.  GIL-independent `Py<T>` handles are fine because
/// they re-acquire the GIL via `Python::attach` when needed.
fn release_gil<F, R>(py: Python<'_>, f: F) -> R
where
    F: FnOnce() -> R + Send,
    R: Send,
{
    py.detach(f)
}

#[pyfunction(name = "_binom_ppf")]
pub fn binom_ppf(q: f64, n: usize, p: f64) -> usize {
    qre::binom_ppf(q, n, p)
}

#[pyfunction(name = "_float_to_bits")]
pub fn float_to_bits(f: f64) -> u64 {
    qre::float_to_bits(f)
}

#[pyfunction(name = "_float_from_bits")]
pub fn float_from_bits(bits: u64) -> f64 {
    qre::float_from_bits(bits)
}

#[pyfunction]
pub fn instruction_name(id: u64) -> Option<String> {
    qre::instruction_name(id).map(String::from)
}

fn add_instruction_ids(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
    #[allow(clippy::wildcard_imports)]
    use qre::instruction_ids::*;

    let instruction_ids = PyModule::new(m.py(), "instruction_ids")?;

    macro_rules! add_ids {
        ($($name:ident),* $(,)?) => {
            $(instruction_ids.add(stringify!($name), $name)?;)*
        };
    }

    add_ids!(
        PAULI_I,
        PAULI_X,
        PAULI_Y,
        PAULI_Z,
        H,
        H_XZ,
        H_XY,
        H_YZ,
        SQRT_X,
        SQRT_X_DAG,
        SQRT_Y,
        SQRT_Y_DAG,
        S,
        SQRT_Z,
        S_DAG,
        SQRT_Z_DAG,
        CNOT,
        CX,
        CY,
        CZ,
        SWAP,
        PREP_X,
        PREP_Y,
        PREP_Z,
        ONE_QUBIT_CLIFFORD,
        TWO_QUBIT_CLIFFORD,
        N_QUBIT_CLIFFORD,
        MEAS_X,
        MEAS_Y,
        MEAS_Z,
        MEAS_RESET_X,
        MEAS_RESET_Y,
        MEAS_RESET_Z,
        MEAS_XX,
        MEAS_YY,
        MEAS_ZZ,
        MEAS_XZ,
        MEAS_XY,
        MEAS_YZ,
        SQRT_SQRT_X,
        SQRT_SQRT_X_DAG,
        SQRT_SQRT_Y,
        SQRT_SQRT_Y_DAG,
        SQRT_SQRT_Z,
        T,
        SQRT_SQRT_Z_DAG,
        T_DAG,
        CCX,
        CCY,
        CCZ,
        CSWAP,
        AND,
        AND_DAG,
        RX,
        RY,
        RZ,
        CRX,
        CRY,
        CRZ,
        RXX,
        RYY,
        RZZ,
        ONE_QUBIT_UNITARY,
        TWO_QUBIT_UNITARY,
        MULTI_PAULI_MEAS,
        LATTICE_SURGERY,
        READ_FROM_MEMORY,
        WRITE_TO_MEMORY,
        MEMORY,
        CYCLIC_SHIFT,
        PHYSICAL_MOVE,
        HAND_OFF,
        GENERIC
    );

    m.add_submodule(&instruction_ids)?;

    Ok(())
}

#[pyfunction]
pub fn property_name_to_key(name: &str) -> Option<u64> {
    qre::property_name_to_key(&name.to_ascii_uppercase())
}

#[pyfunction]
pub fn property_name(id: u64) -> Option<String> {
    qre::property_name(id).map(String::from)
}

fn add_property_keys(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
    #[allow(clippy::wildcard_imports)]
    use qre::property_keys::*;

    let property_keys = PyModule::new(m.py(), "property_keys")?;

    macro_rules! add_ids {
        ($($name:ident),* $(,)?) => {
            $(property_keys.add(stringify!($name), $name)?;)*
        };
    }

    add_ids!(
        DISTANCE,
        SURFACE_CODE_ONE_QUBIT_TIME_FACTOR,
        SURFACE_CODE_TWO_QUBIT_TIME_FACTOR,
        ACCELERATION,
        ATOM_SPACING,
        VELOCITY,
        NUM_TS_PER_ROTATION,
        EXPECTED_SHOTS,
        RUNTIME_SINGLE_SHOT,
        EVALUATION_TIME,
        PHYSICAL_COMPUTE_QUBITS,
        PHYSICAL_FACTORY_QUBITS,
        PHYSICAL_MEMORY_QUBITS,
        MOLECULE,
        LOGICAL_COMPUTE_QUBITS,
        LOGICAL_MEMORY_QUBITS,
        ALGORITHM_COMPUTE_QUBITS,
        ALGORITHM_MEMORY_QUBITS,
        NAME,
        LOSS,
        LOGICAL_CYCLE_TIME,
        CODE_CYCLE_TIME,
    );

    m.add_submodule(&property_keys)?;

    Ok(())
}
